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What is a capacitive proximity sensor?  

Capacitive proximity sensors (CPS) are sensing device designed to detect both metallic and nonmetallic targets. They can detect lightweight or small objects that cannot be detected by mechanical limit switches. CPS are ideally suited for plastics and other nonmetallic targets, for liquid level control and for sensing powdered or granulated material.

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How does a capacity proximity sensor work?

A capacitive proximity sensor uses dielectric principles of capacitance to establish a sensing field (depicted as the yellow circles in the drawings below) in the vicinity of the face of the sensor that creates a detection zone.  

A detection occurs and the sensor switches on when a target in the vicinity of the sensor disturbs that field and reaches the Operate Point. The sensor switches off when the target moves away from the sensor and reaches the Release Point.  

A capacitive proximity sensor does not need to come into physical contact with the target itself.  

How a capacitive proximity sensor works

How to select a capacitive proximity sensor?

 

Deciding which sensor to purchase and selecting the right one for your application can be a confusing task. However, the decision is important and the successful application of the sensors depends on the selection of the appropriate technology for the application. 

Visit our page to learn how to select the right sensor.

Capacitive proximity sensor components

  • Sensor Housing: This portion of the sensor provides the means for mounting and protects sensor internals
  • Sensing Face: The capacitive field created by the sensor emanates from here
  • Mounting Nuts: Supplied with each sensor. For smooth tube sensors a clamping bracket is provided
  • Sensor Endbell: Indicator LEDs typically appear in this área of the sensor
  • Connection Interface: A sensor may be equipped with a factory installed cable, cordset, or built-in pin connector
Sensor housing

Features and limitations of capacity proximity sensors

Features:

  • Can detect non-metallic objects, and can detect metallic objects often at greater ranges than inductive sensors
  • High switching rate for rapid response applications (counting)
  • Can detect liquid targets through non-metallic barriers (glass, plastic)
  • Long operating life, solid-state output for “bounce free” signals

Limitations:

Discover Eaton's E53 tubular capacitive proximity sensors

Type E53 capacitive proximity sensors from Eaton’s electrical sector are self-contained devices designed to detect both metallic and nonmetallic targets. The E53 tubular capacitive proximity sensor is ideally suited for liquid level control and for sensing powdered or granulated material. 

Unique features

  • Detect plastics and other nonmetallic targets, liquids, powders and other materials that are difficult or impossible with other sensor types
  • Plastic body is corrosion resistant
  • Sensitivity adjustment which allows tuning for each application
  • Output indicator LED to assist in commissioning and troubleshooting

Accuracy of capacitive proximity sensors

Environmental factors for accuracy

The sensing distance of a capacitive proximity sensor is dependent on the dimensions of the target object.

Sensitivity adjustment

Most capacitive proximity sensors are equipped with sensitivity adjustment potentiometers. It is often desirable to be able to compensate for target and application conditions with a sensitivity adjustment for the sensing range of a product. 
Eaton Adjusting capacitive sensor graphic

Sensing distance for capacitive proximity sensors

Capacitive proximity sensors typically have extended sensing ranges when compared to other proximity sensor technologies. 
Sensor housing diameter Capacitive proximity sensing range
18 mm 10 mm
30 mm 20 mm
34 mm 40 mm

Target material composition and size

Sensing range for capacitive proximity sensors is affected by the material composition and size of the target object. The table lists the sensing range rerating factors which apply to capacitive proximity sensors.
Material Factor X Sn
Mild steel 1.0
Cast iron 1.0
Aluminum & copper 1.0
Stainless steel 1.0
Brass 1.0
Water 1.0
PVC  0.5
Glass 0.5
Ceramics 0.4
Wood From 0.2
Oil 0.1

Capacitive proximity sensor FAQs

Eaton FAQs 250x250

What is the difference between a capacity and inductive proximity?

Inductive proximity sensors are used for non-contact detection of metallic objects. Capacitive proximity sensors are used for non-contact detection of both metallic and nonmetallic objects such as liquid, plastic, paper and more.

What is a capacitive screen and how does it work?

These screens are made from multiple layers of glass. The inner layer conducts electricity and so does the outer layer, so effectively the screen behaves like two electrical conductors separated by an insulator—in other words, a capacitor. When you bring your finger up to the screen, you alter the electrical field by a certain amount that varies according to where your fingure is. Capacitive screens can be touched in more than one place at once.

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